Biological fouling is a frequent problem whenever seawater or freshwater is used as cooling or process water for processes such as re-gasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG), or in refineries, petrochemical plants, oil platforms, desalination and power plants. Biofouling reduces efficiency and safety of these processes by restricting cooling water flow in pipe runs and reducing heat transfer across heat exchangers and condensers. If it becomes severe enough, the plant will need to be shut down while the problem is remediated.

Download the complete article (Reprinted with revisions to format, from the March/April 2006 edition of INDUSTRIAL WATERWORLD.  Copyright 2006 by PennWell Corporation)

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